It is well known that earth's interior is the principle engine of the operation of our planet. However, how to link the earth's interior processes and surface system evolution remain challenged. The recent launched Priority Strategic Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) focuses on this subject by bringing together experts of different disciplines ranging from seismology, experimental petrology, geochemistry, geodynamical modeling, plaeo-environment reconstruction and paleopentology. The project comprises three mutually related topics: (1) composition and structure of main boundaries of the earth's interior; (2) interaction between earth's interior layers and material recycling; and (3) surface responses to deep earth processes. This talk briefly introduces some of key scientific questions that this project addressed and highlights some relevant progresses.